Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Dɔwɔnawo ƒe Akɔta si Woate Ŋu Azã le Mɔ Vovovowo Me

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya ƒe Nɔnɔmewo Ŋuti Numekuku Deto

Molekyulãwo ƒe Xɔtuɖaŋu Tɔxɛ
THF ƒe wɔwɔme nye ether ƒe asigɛ si le tsatsam si me oxygen atɔm le, si wɔnɛ be nɔnɔme vevi siwo gbɔna:
Polar Solvency: Dipole moment si nye 2.75 D na be hydrogen nabla kple polar molecules esime wòle solvating nonpolar compounds to dipole ƒe kadodo siwo wodo ɖa me, si wɔe be wòsɔ nyuie na reaction system vovovowo.
Ring Reactivity: Ether ring la toa acid-catalyzed ring-opening me, si wɔnɛ be nuwɔna abe alkylation kple polymerization ene nɔa bɔbɔe. Nuwɔna sia le vevie ŋutɔ na polymers abe polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) ene wɔwɔ.

Ŋutilã ƒe Nɔnɔmewo
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Liƒo: Ne THF le ƒoƒom le 66°C eye wòfa tsikpe le -108.5°C la, egakpɔtɔ nyea tsi le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe didime gbadza aɖe me, si sɔ na dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ ƒe nuwɔna kple yaƒoƒo kabakaba ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.
Ʋuɖoɖo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo: Eƒe ʋeʋẽ si le sue (0.55 mPa·s) kple eƒe anyigba ƒe tete si lolo (26.4 mN/m) doa eƒe tsidede ŋutete ɖe ŋgɔ, si le vevie ŋutɔ na dzadzɛnyenye kple nutsyɔtsyɔ zazã.
Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nyatakaka: Ete ŋu xɔa dzo ŋutɔ (flash point -17.2°C) eye wòwɔa bɔmb ƒe tsakatsaka kple ya (1.8–12.4% vol), si bia be woawɔ afɔɖeɖe sesẽwo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe dzoa nu.

Dɔwɔwɔ Vevi Siwo Wozãna Le Dɔwɔƒewo Katã Me

Polymer kple Resin ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ
Polyurethane (PU) ƒe wɔwɔme:
PTMEG wɔwɔ: THF ye nye nu vevitɔ si wotsɔ wɔa polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), si nye akpa falɛfalɛ vevi aɖe le spandex ka kple thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) me. Wozãa xexeame katã ƒe THF ƒe 90% kple edzivɔ le akpa sia me, eye spandex tɔn ɖesiaɖe hiã THF tɔn ~0.8.
PU Adhesives: Wotsɔe tsaka kple DMF, THF wɔa nusiwo ƒuna kabakaba, siwo sesẽ ŋutɔ na afɔkpawo kple ʋuwo ƒe emenuwo, si naa nu sesẽwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ 35% eye wòƒuna kabakaba wu DMF ɖoɖo dzadzɛwo 40%.
Epoxy kple Aŋɔ Siwo Wotsɔ Wɔ Nu:
Abe co-solvent le epoxy ƒe wɔwɔmewo me ene la, THF naa tsakatsaka nyona ɖe edzi eye wòɖea viscosity dzi kpɔtɔna, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu azã nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu pɛpɛpɛ le elektrɔnikmɔ̃wo kple yamenutomenuwo me.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya kple Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya Tɔxɛwo
Grignard ƒe Nuwɔnawo:
THF naa organometallic domedomenuwo (le kpɔɖeŋu me, RMgX) li ke to nuwɔwɔ aduadu kple magnesium ions me, si doa ŋusẽ nuwɔna ƒe kutsetsewo 15–20% ne wotsɔe sɔ kple diethyl ether. Kpɔɖeŋu: Le ibuprofen ƒe wɔwɔme me la, Grignard ƒe afɔɖeɖe siwo wotu ɖe THF dzi ɖoa ≥99.5% ƒe dzadzɛnyenye gbɔ kple ≤0.3% ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ.
Lithium Batri ƒe Elektrikŋusẽwo:
THF doa ŋusẽ elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo wotu ɖe lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF7) dzi (≥10 mS/cm), si naa tsikpe ƒe agbenɔƒe nyona ɖe edzi wòwua zi gbɔ zi 1,000 (ŋutete ƒe léle ɖe te ≥85%) le lithium ga batriwo me.

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Deŋgɔwo Kple Dɔwɔƒe Tɔxɛwo
Semiconductor Cleaning: THF ɖea photoresist ƒe nugbagbevi susɔewo ɖa le microelectronics wɔwɔ me, si naa ga ion ƒe ɖiƒoƒo ≤10 ppb na sub-14 nm dɔwɔwɔwo.
Atikewo ƒe kristalowɔwɔ: Wozãnɛ le dɔlékuiwutikewo kple steroidwo ƒe kristalo gbugbɔgawɔ me, THF-tsi ƒe ɖoɖowo naa kristalo siwo sɔ (50–200 μm) siwo ƒe dzadzɛnyenye nye ≥99.9%.
Dzɔdzɔmenuwo ɖeɖe: Etiaa lipophilic atikewo (le kpɔɖeŋu me, CBD, paclitaxel) kple dzadzɛnyenye si lolo wu 25% wu nonpolar solvents, esime wòɖea dzoxɔxɔ ƒe gbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna to dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ me.

Nusiwo wogblɔ tso eŋu

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya Dzikpɔgbalẽvi

Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Bubuwo Kple Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Trɔtrɔwo

Lãmesẽ Kple Nutome ƒe Afɔkuwo
Aɖi: Ne wogbɔ agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ gbɔ (>500 ppm) la, ate ŋu ana CNS nalé blanui; ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe dɔléle ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe aklã/ayiku ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Ebia be woakpɔ gbɔgbɔtsixe ta (APF≥10) kple asigɛ siwo me atikewo mele o.
Nutoa me ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Nu gbagbewo gblẽna le anyigba me (agbenɔƒe afã ≤ŋkeke 5) gake aɖi le eme na tsi me nugbagbewo (LC50 tɔmelã=110 mg/L). Ele be woawɔ tsi gbegblẽwo ŋudɔ nyuie (COD≤50 mg/L) hafi woaɖe wo ɖa.

Sedede Kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Ŋuɖoɖowo
Dzadzɛnyenye ƒe Dzesidewo:
Dɔwɔƒewo (≥99%): Na nuwɔwɔ le xexeame katã, mɔɖeɖe ≤0.5% tsi/aldehydes.
Elektrɔnik (≥99.9%): Ga ions ≤1 ppb, SEMI C8-wɔ ɖeka kple semiconductor zazã.
Atikewɔwɔ (≥99.5%): FDA da asi ɖe edzi, aldehydes ≤10 ppm na atikewo wɔwɔ.
Xexeame Katã ƒe Sedziwɔwɔ:
EU REACH: Woxe mɔ ɖe nuɖuɖu ƒe kadodo nu (ʋuʋu ≤0.05 mg/kg).
United States OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), si bia be woalé ŋku ɖe ya si le dɔwɔƒe ŋu.

Nukatae Nàtia Míaƒe THF?

Dzadzɛnyenye si meɖea asi le nu ŋu o: Deŋgɔ etɔ̃-distillation mɔnuwo naa elektrɔnik-grade THF le 99.99% dzadzɛnyenye, kple ≤10 ppm tsidzadza kple ≤1 ppm aldehydes, si kpɔa egbɔ be batch-to-batch ɖekawɔwɔ (vovototo ≤±0.02%).
Egbɔkpɔnu Siwo Wowɔ Ðe Ðoɖo Nu: Atike siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu na tsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ (50–1000 ppm), peroxide ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ (≤10 ppm), kple pH (5.0–7.0), abe THF si me peroxide mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o ene na atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme siwo sea veve.
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖowo: Nudzraɖoƒe siwo me nitrogen le kple ʋuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo me wowó le o kpɔa egbɔ be wowɔ nu ɖe ​​wo ŋu dedie tso esime wowɔ wo vaseɖe esime wotsɔ wo vɛ.
Ðoɖowɔwɔ ƒe Ablaɖeɖe: Xexeame katã ƒe SEMI, ACS, kple FDA ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ, si ŋu MSDS si woate ŋu atrɔ asi le hena asi me yiyi si me kuxi aɖeke mele o do alɔe.

Habɔbɔwɔwɔ hena Atikewo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Nyuie

THF ƒe dadasɔ tɔxɛ si le gazazã ƒe ŋutete, nuwɔna, kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu me na wòzu dzogoedzikpe le egbegbe atikeŋutinunya me. Míaƒe ɖokuitsɔtsɔna ɖe adzɔnu siwo le dzadzɛ ŋutɔ, mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me nu yeyewo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, kple sewo dzi wɔwɔ ŋu doa ŋusẽ asisi siwo le plastik, elektrɔnikmɔ̃wo, kple atikewo me be woawɔ ŋgɔyiyi le agbanɔamedzi me. Tia míaƒe THF be wòaʋu nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ, dɔwɔwɔ, kple nusiwo li tegbee le dɔwɔwɔ ɖesiaɖe me.