Xexeame katã - Premier Adipic Acid: Xɔtuɖaŋu Vevietɔ na Polymers kple Atike siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ kple Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya ƒe Nɔnɔmewo

Dzedzeme Kple Eƒe Nɔnɔme: Zi geɖe la, Adipic Acid dzena abe kristalo ɣi si le abe kristalo ene alo kristalo sue siwo me amadede mele o ene. Eƒe nɔnɔme le gbadzaa eye meʋẽna o le nɔnɔme siwo sɔ me, si wɔe be wòsɔ na dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo le afisiwo wòhiã be woawɔ seselelãme ƒe nɔnɔme si medea akpa aɖeke dzi o.
Eƒe ʋeʋẽ: Eɖea ʋeʋẽ si sɔ le tsi me fiana, eye abe g 1.44 ƒe ʋeʋẽ le tsi 100 mL me le 25°C me. Gake elɔ̃na ŋutɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo abe ethanol, acetone, kple benzene ene me. Nuwɔna sia si me wòte ŋu lɔ̃a nu le la na wòte ŋu kpɔa gome nyuie le atikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple woƒe wɔwɔme vovovowo me.

Ŋutilã me Nu Vevi Siwo Nɔa Anyi Madzudzɔmadzudzɔe: Adipic Acid ƒe molar ƒe kpekpeme nye 146.14 g/mol. Eƒe kpekpeme anɔ abe 1.36 g/cm3 ene le dzoxɔxɔ 25°C me, si le ʋeʋẽm vie wu tsi. Adipic acid ƒe ʋeʋẽme nye 152°C, si fia be etrɔna tso nu sesẽ me yia tsi me le dzoxɔxɔ si kɔ me. Dzoxɔxɔa dzɔna le dzoxɔxɔ 337.5°C me, togbɔ be ate ŋu adze gbegblẽ gɔme hafi aɖo dzoxɔxɔ sia gbɔ le yame ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu me hã. Eƒe keklẽ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nye 207°C, si fia be ebia dzoxɔxɔ si lolo vie kple dzodoƒe siwo me dzo le hafi wòate ŋu ahe dzobibi ƒe afɔku vɛ.

Atikewo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ: Abe dicarboxylic acid ene la, carboxyl ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo eve (-COOH) le adipic acid me, siwo naa atikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ŋutɔ. Ekpɔa gome le aha sesẽwo ƒe esterification ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me bɔbɔe, eye wòwɔa ester siwo wozãna geɖe le plastic, ami, kple ʋeʋẽ lilili wɔwɔ me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ate ŋu awɔ nu kple diamines to condensation polymerization me awɔ polyamides, vevietɔ nylon 6,6. Polymerization ƒe nuwɔna sia nye dzogoedzikpe na ka siwo wowɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔƒewo. Adipic acid ateŋu ato reduction reactions hã me awɔ aha siwo sɔ eye ateŋu awɔ dɔ kple bases awɔ dze, si woyɔna be adipates.

Afisiwo Woawɔ Dɔ Le

Polyamide (Nylon) ƒe wɔwɔme: Adipic acid zazã gãtɔ kple esi ɖe dzesi wue nye polyamides wɔwɔ, vevietɔ nylon 6,6. Le nuwɔna sia me la, adipic acid wɔa dɔ kple hexamethylenediamine le condensation polymerization dɔwɔwɔ me. Nylon 6,6 si do tso eme la nye mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe plastik si wɔa dɔ nyuie si xɔ ŋkɔ le eƒe ŋusẽ, eƒe anyinɔnɔ, eƒe ʋuʋu, kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme nyuiwo ta. Wozãa Nylon 6,6 geɖe le ʋuwɔƒewo hena eƒe akpa aɖewo abe mɔ̃a ƒe akpa aɖewo, gearwo, kple bearingwo ene. Enye nu vevi aɖe hã le avɔlɔ̃ƒewo, afisi wozãnɛ le tsɔ wɔa avɔ nyuiwo na awuwo, modzakaɖebɔwo, kple xɔmenuwo le eƒe ŋusẽ, tenɔnɔ ɖe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu, kple ŋutete si le esi be wòalé amadedewo nyuie ta.

Plastik-nuwo Kple Amisisiwo: Wozãa adipic acid tsɔ wɔa plasticizers siwo wotu ɖe adipate - dzi. Wotsɔa plasticizers siawo dea polymers me, vevietɔ polyvinyl chloride (PVC), be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu, woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu, eye woanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi. Wolɔ̃a ami ƒe plasticizers le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me wòhiã be woate ŋu atrɔ asi le dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ ŋu le, abe le ʋu ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ siwo xea mɔ na ʋu ƒe kaƒoƒo, atikewɔwɔ ƒe pɔmpiwo, kple PVC siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe vuvɔ nu wɔwɔ me ene. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, wozãa ester siwo woɖe tso adipic acid me abe ami ene le dɔwɔƒe vovovowo me, si naa ŋutete nyui aɖe si tsia tre ɖe woƒe vuvu kple ʋuʋudedi ŋu, eye wosɔ na zazã le mɔ̃wo, gearwo, kple mɔ̃ɖaŋunu bubuwo me.

Nuɖuɖu Kple Nunono Dɔwɔƒe (Zazã le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu): Togbɔ be womeɖua adipic acid le nuɖuɖu me tẽ o hã la, wozãnɛ le nuɖuɖu - kadodonuwo kple nuɖuɖu - dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔnuwo wɔwɔ me. Eƒe esters, ne wozãe le nutsyɔnu kple nutrenu na nuɖuɖu - nubablɛwo me la, kpena ɖe nuɖuɖuwo ƒe blibonyenye kple dedienɔnɔ ŋu to mɔxexe ɖe ɖiƒoƒo nu kple nusiwo wowɔ ƒe yeyenyenye me léle ɖe asi me. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, woate ŋu azã adipic acid - siwo wotu ɖe polymers dzi le dɔwɔnuwo ƒe akpa siwo doa ka kple nuɖuɖu le wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ me, abe conveyor belts kple seals ene wɔwɔ me.

Atikewɔwɔ Kple Atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo Dɔwɔƒewo: Le atikewɔƒewo la, woate ŋu azã adipic acid abe kpeɖeŋutɔ ene le atikewo wɔwɔ me. Ate ŋu awɔ dɔ abe nusi xea mɔ na atikewo ƒe tsi kple atike siwo wotsɔ tsia tsii ƒe pH dzi, si ana atikewo li ke eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie. Le atsyɔ̃ɖomiwɔƒewo la, wozãa adipic acid esters le nu vovovowo abe kreme, atike siwo wotsɔna ɖaa nu, kple nuyiɖaɖawo ene me, be wòana eƒe nɔnɔme nanyo ɖe edzi, wòate ŋu akaka, eye wòana ŋutigbalẽa nafa, si wɔnɛ be ŋutigbalẽa nafa eye wòle blɔ.

Dzadzraɖomɔnu Siwo Wozãna

Cyclohexane ƒe oxidation: Esiae nye mɔnu vevitɔ si wozãna le dɔwɔƒewo tsɔ wɔa adipic acid. Dɔwɔwɔa dzea egɔme kple cyclohexane ƒe oxidation le nusi naa nu ʋãna ƒe anyinɔnɔ me, zi geɖe la, nusi wotsɔna ʋãa nu si wotu ɖe cobalt dzi. Le oxidation ƒe afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ me la, cyclohexane wɔa dɔ kple ya alo oxygen tsɔ wɔa cyclohexanol kple cyclohexanone ƒe tsakatsaka, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be "KA ami" (ketone - aha ƒe ami) ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Wowɔa nuwɔna la le dzoxɔxɔ si ade 150 - 160°C kple nyaƒoɖeamenu si nye 1 - 1.5 MPa me. Emegbe la, wogawɔa oxidation na KA amia le afɔɖeɖe evelia ƒe nuwɔna me tsɔ zãa nitric acid abe oxidizing agent ene, zi geɖe le dzoxɔxɔ si nye 60 - 80°C kple yame ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu me. Oxidation sia si nye afɔɖeɖe evelia trɔa cyclohexanol kple cyclohexanone wozua adipic acid. Gake nutome ƒe kuxi aɖewo le mɔnu sia ŋu, elabena nitric acid zazã naa nitrous oxide (N2O), si nye ya sesẽ aɖe si gblẽa nu le yame ŋu, eye wòbia be woakpɔ gbeɖuɖɔ ƒe sisiwo dzi nyuie.

Nu Gbagbewo Ŋuti Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Mɔnuwo: Le ƒe ʋɛ siwo va yi me la, amewo va tsɔ ɖe le nugbagbeŋutinunya ƒe mɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ wɔa adipic acid be wòanye atike bubu si li tegbee wu me. Woateŋu azã nugbagbevi suesuewo, abe dɔlékui siwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu wogbugbɔ trɔ alo amɔwɔʋãnu ene, atsɔ atrɔ nuɖuɖu yeyewo, abe sukli alo ami siwo wotsɔ numiemiewo wɔe ene, woazu adipic acid to lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu vovovowo dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, woate ŋu atrɔ asi le dɔlékui aɖewo ŋu be woawɔ domedomenuwo siwo woate ŋu atrɔ azu adipic acid geɖe wu. Togbɔ be nugbagbeŋutinunya ƒe mɔnu siawo gakpɔtɔ le ŋgɔyiyi ƒe afɔɖeɖe me eye wodoa go kuxi siwo ku ɖe dɔwɔwɔ kple gazazã nyuie ŋu hã la, wonaa ŋutete be woawɔ adipic acid si me gblẽa nu le nutome ŋu wu eye wòanɔ anyi ɖaa le etsɔme.

Afɔɖeɖewo

Lãmesẽ ƒe Afɔkuwo: Adipic acid ate ŋu ana ŋutigbalẽ kple ŋku nado dziku ne wodo goe tẽ. Ne ekpɔ ŋutigbalẽa ɣeyiɣi didi alo enuenu la, ate ŋu ana ame naxɔ ŋutigbalẽdɔ, eye ne eva ka ŋkuwo la, ate ŋu ana ŋkua nabiã, ase veve, eye wòate ŋu agblẽ nu le ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ŋu. Adipic acid ƒe ke suesuesuewo gbɔgbɔ ate ŋu ado dziku na gbɔgbɔtsixe, si ana ame nakɔ akɔta, ʋuʋudedi, kple gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe. Adipic acid gbogbo aɖe ɖuɖu ate ŋu ana dɔgboa nase veve, si ƒe ɖewoe nye lãmetutudɔ, ʋuʋudedi, kple aɖuɖɔtoe. Ele be dɔwɔla siwo le adipic acid zãm la nado ame ŋutɔ ƒe ametakpɔnu siwo sɔ, abe asigɛwo, dedienɔnɔ ƒe ŋkumeɖobolo, kple gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe ƒe ametakpɔnu ene, vevietɔ le nuto siwo me ke ate ŋu adzɔ le.

Dzo Kple Wowó ƒe Afɔkuwo: Togbɔ be adipic acid ƒe keklẽ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ sɔ gbɔ vie hã la, etɔa dzo. Le aŋɔ me la, ate ŋu awɔ tsakatsaka siwo ate ŋu awó kple ya ne wokakae le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me. Ele be woana nudzraɖoƒewo nate ɖa tso dzodoƒewo gbɔ, eye ya nyui si le eme le vevie be ke nagaƒo ƒu o. Ne dzo si me adipic acid le la, ele be woazã dzotsinu siwo sɔ, abe atike ƒuƒu alo carbon dioxide ene.

Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Nutome Ŋu: Adipic acid nɔa anyi le nutoa me le mɔ si sɔ nu. Ne woɖee ɖe go ɖe tsi me la, nugbagbevi suesuewo ate ŋu agblẽe le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, gake ne esɔ gbɔ ɖe eme la, ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tsi me nugbagbewo dzi kokoko. Ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tsi ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe pH hã dzi le eƒe acid ƒe nɔnɔme ta. Eyata gbeɖuɖɔwo dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie kple wo léle ɖe te le vevie ŋutɔ be woaxe mɔ ɖe adipic acid ƒe dodo ɖe nutoa me si dzi womeɖu o nu. Wobia tso dɔwɔƒe siwo wɔa adipic acid alo zãnɛ si be woawɔ ɖe nutome ƒe se sesẽwo dzi be woaɖe ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe anyigba, tsi, kple ya ƒe nyonyome dzi dzi akpɔtɔ.

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